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KMID : 1036520110010010015
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Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology
2011 Volume.1 No. 1 p.15 ~ p.21
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Anatomy and Physiology of Vestibular and Optokinetic System
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Kim Hyun-Ah
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Abstract
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The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is a reflex eye movement that stabilizes images on the retina during head movement by producing an eye movement in the direction opposite to head movement, thus preserving the image on the center of the visual field. Since slight head movement is present all the time, the VOR is very important for stabilizing vision. As our movements consist of rotations and translations, the vestibular system comprises two components: the semicircular canal system, which indicates rotational movements; and the otoliths, which indicate linear accelerations. The vestibular system sends signals primarily to the neural structures that control our eye movements. The optokinetic reflex (OKR) is a visually guided reflex, the purpose of which is to compensate body and head movements so that retinal image motion is minimized. The optokinetic reflex responds optimally if the stimulus is movement of all, or a large portion of the retinal image. In sustained rotation at a constant velocity, visually mediated eye movement including OKR maily responsible for holding gaze on an object during self-motion instead of VOR. In this chapter, we identify the functional demands made of the vestibular-optokinetic system during natural activities and discuss the anatomy and physiology of vestibular-opkokinetic system.
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KEYWORD
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Vestibule-ocular reflex, Optokinetic reflex
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